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: Chekhov highlights the "us-versus-them" divide, where the comfort of the upper class is built upon the literal physical destruction of the working class.

: Delirious from exhaustion, Varka identifies the crying baby not as a human being, but as the "enemy" preventing her from sleep.

Considered one of Chekhov's most haunting works, "Besleme" (Sleepy) is often analyzed for its . Rather than focusing on a complex plot, Chekhov captures a single, intense atmospheric state—the suffocating weight of tiredness—to deliver a powerful social critique. Sleepy, Anton Chekhov - The Short Story Project

: The story explores the physiological and psychological boundaries of the human body, specifically how extreme fatigue can lead to a complete loss of morality and sanity.