Many use flagella for movement or pili to adhere to surfaces or exchange genetic material. 2. Reproduction and Growth
Engineered bacteria produce insulin, vaccines, and enzymes used in detergents. 4. Human Health and the Microbiome
Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms that exist in virtually every environment on Earth, from deep-sea vents to the human digestive tract. They are , meaning they lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. While often associated with disease, the vast majority of bacteria are either harmless or essential to life. 1. Structure and Classification
Bacteria are generally categorized by their shape and the composition of their cell walls:
In the food industry, bacteria are used to produce yogurt, cheese, pickles, and sauerkraut.
Certain bacteria in soil convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form plants can use to grow.
Bacteria play a critical role in maintaining the planet's balance:
They break down organic matter, recycling carbon and nutrients back into the ecosystem.
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