The Arabs and Berbers who ruled Al-Andalus for nearly 800 years contributed the basic building blocks of sung poetry and complex musical scales.
Scholars also highlight a "Black African imprint" through the transatlantic slave trade and "Ida y Vuelta" (round trip) influences from Latin America, particularly Cuba. The Three Pillars of Flamenco Flamenco is defined by the synergy of three core elements: Exploring Flamenco's Arab Roots - Saudi Aramco World Flamenco Roots
Liturgical chants from the Sephardic Jewish community, many of whom faced persecution alongside the Romani, left a deep imprint on the mournful and emotional nature of flamenco song. The Arabs and Berbers who ruled Al-Andalus for