The primary goal of Volume II is to standardize how States, operators, and charting organizations design flight procedures. This uniformity ensures that a pilot flying into any international aerodrome can rely on consistent safety margins, regardless of local terrain. Key areas of focus include:
: Specific rules for straight and turning departures, often requiring minimum climb gradients (typically 3.3%) to clear obstacles. Icao Doc 8168 Vol 2
: Designing for traditional ground-based aids like VOR, NDB, and ILS. The primary goal of Volume II is to
Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS) - Aircraft Operations : Designing for traditional ground-based aids like VOR,
: Grouping aircraft by stall speed to determine specific obstacle clearance altitudes (OCA/H) for each type. Key Technical Components
: Protecting the transition from instrument flight to visual landing. Latest Updates
, formally titled "Construction of Visual and Instrument Flight Procedures," is the essential technical manual for procedure design specialists. While Volume I is designed for flight crews, Volume II provides the complex mathematical criteria and obstacle clearance requirements needed to build safe, regular instrument flight operations worldwide. Core Purpose and Scope
