These institutions help and make cooperation more predictable.
: Beyond official state-to-state diplomacy, there are transgovernmental ties between bureaucrats and transnational links between corporations and NGOs. Power & Interdependence
They provide a platform for rather than unilateral action. IV. Modern Challenges: The Virtual Age Power and Interdependence - Branislav L. Slantchev (UCSD) Keohane and Nye introduced to describe a world
Traditional international relations often focus on "high politics" (security and survival). Keohane and Nye introduced to describe a world where: they create —sets of rules
As countries become more intertwined, they create —sets of rules, norms, and procedures that govern specific issue areas (like the World Trade Organization for trade).
: A state's ability to adjust and find alternatives over time. If a country can easily switch to solar power when oil prices rise, it is sensitive but not highly vulnerable. Bargaining Power