Pulse Width Modulated Dc-dc Converters -

The primary mechanism of a PWM converter is the , which is the ratio of the switch "on-time" ( Toncap T sub o n end-sub ) to the total switching period (

A higher duty cycle increases the average output voltage; a lower duty cycle decreases it. Pulse Width Modulated DC-DC Converters

PWM DC-DC converters are categorized based on their ability to step voltage up or down: The primary mechanism of a PWM converter is

Steps up a lower input voltage to a higher output voltage. Key Advantages Steps down a higher input voltage

Can either step up or step down the voltage, though it often produces an inverted (negative) output voltage relative to the input. Key Advantages

Steps down a higher input voltage to a lower output voltage.

An LC filter (inductor and capacitor) is used to smooth the pulsed signal into a stable DC output. Primary Converter Topologies