: Moving from rigid hierarchical structures to decentralized "heterarchical" models where machines and humans make autonomous decisions together.
In the context of technology and engineering, refers to the application of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to the design or evaluation of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) . Core Definitions
: Managing the integration of IoT medical devices and wearables with the complex social environment of patient care. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in Industry 4.0