A unique military estate that guarded the empire's borders. In exchange for military service, they held land and remained free from taxes. Urban Dwellers ( Meschane )
This group included artisans, small shopkeepers, and low-level employees. They paid the poll tax, provided recruits for the army, and were subject to corporal punishment. Summary of Change uchebnik 8 klassa kosulina konspekt 14 paragrafa
The merchant class was divided into three based on their wealth: A unique military estate that guarded the empire's borders
Lived on state land and paid taxes directly to the government. They were technically "free" but still tied to the land. They paid the poll tax, provided recruits for
Complete exemption from taxes, recruitment, and physical punishment. They controlled the local administration and the military. 3. The Merchantry
The beginning of the 19th century saw a slow transition. While the estate system remained rigid, the under Alexander I was a first, though small, step toward allowing serfs to buy their freedom, signaling that the old social order was beginning to crack.