Encrypting all internet traffic to prevent eavesdropping or data theft, especially on public Wi-Fi.

VPNs function at various layers of the OSI model using specific tunneling protocols that vary in speed and security:

Bypassing geographical restrictions or censorship to access content not available in a specific region. 2. Technical Architecture and Protocols

The following sections provide a structured overview suitable for a research or capstone paper on the topic. 1. Introduction and Core Purpose